Education does not simply mean passing few examination or being equipped to earn one's livelihood. Education means the unfolding of the mind by means of methodical instructions in various branches of learning. Examination are of no use if they do not serve this end. An educated man does not simply know a few facts, he knows himself and his place in the world, he sees every detail of life, not as an accident of isolated phenomenon, but as a part of a whole.
What part then, does literature play in training and equipping of the mind and formation of character? In every civilized country we have two types of education now-a-days viz., liberal and vocational. The former serves the real end of education; it 'induces' the faculties of the human mind, whereas the latter gives some specialized training where with we may earn our livelihood. When we consider the place of literature in education we should not think of the market value of literature. We should consider how far literature trains and disciplines, forms and unfolds the mind. This process which is known as education may not give us a clerkship or enable us to earn our livelihood in other ways; but is an end itself.
Literature has been defined as "an expression of life through the medium of language." Literature and life are vitally connected. We become aware of the mystery, vastness, multiplicity, beauty and pain of life through literature. It is not possible for us to experience every thing in our own life, though learning by experience is no doubt a good thing. Literature is the store-house of the experiences of so many master of all ages and generation. Thus the study of literature is not an idle past time. It enables us to understand life deeply. The cultural value of the study of literature is great. It leads to the refinement and subtlety of perception, depth of insight and broadness of out look.
It has been suggested by short-sighted critics that the study of literature produces an emasculating effect and it makes us unfit for the struggle for existence.The study of literature does not fit us out for any particular profession. It does not give us that specialized knowledge which a lawyer or doctor requires. But the study of literature trains our mind and makes us fit for all understandings. Refinement of perception, depth of insight, sureness of grasp, keenness of appreciation, these are necessary or essential in all professions. Thus literature occupies and ought to occupy a prominent place in education.
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